25^th World Congress on Dentistry and Oral Health March 14-15, 2019 London, UK

Venue: Sheraton Heathrow Hotel, Heathrow Airport, London, United Kingdom

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a part of dentistry that deals with the surgeries, diagnosis and cure of diseases, injuries and defects of both functional and aesthetic aspects of soft and hard tissues of OMF region. OMFS is a challenging and exciting field which includes medical, dental and surgical knowledge and skills. Surgeons in this discipline have to perform surgeries for the purpose of enhancing function, appearance and correcting defects, repairing injuries or managing diseases. OMFS also deals with non-surgical management of conditions such as facial pain, oral mucosal disease and infections. CT scans and MRI scans displays the accurate and detailed three dimensional pictures of the head and neck anatomy and pathology. The advancement of gate control theory technique is used to deliver local anaesthesia which  plays an important role in pain control during surgical procedures.

Dental pharmacology is the study of uses, adverse effects, doses and mechanism of action of drugs that are used in the treatment of the dental problems. Future trends in dental pharmacology include advanced techniques in routes of pharmacotherapy that not only augment the drug efficacy but also allow for the safe combination therapy with fewer adverse effects and greater prolongation of relief. It aims to involve evidence-based inter professional collaborative that provide both pharmacologic paradigms as well as nonpharmacologic modalities for optimal treatment success. A variety of drugs have been developed from natural herbs and products, which means that compounds derived from natural products have strong biological and pharmacological activities. Indeed, the pharmaceutical companies now a days using natural compounds for the optimisation of drug therapy.

The term “diagnosis” is used for the determination of the nature of a disease. The goal of the dental care is to provide efficient preventive measures and optimal therapeutic management of the dental problems. Individuals have great differences in their disease progression rates where the higher risk has been noted among smokers, diabetics and patients with other severe diseases. The dental practitioner role is progressing from a restorative dentist to diagnostician and case manager depending on their cognitive skills. The main aim is to focus on disease prevention, early discovery and intervention to minimise treatment which in turn enables desired treatment outcome. The advancement of radiographic imaging provides endless amount of information to assess the patient’s oral health. The combination of high accuracy 3D visible light surface images with 3D CBCT images are used to create a virtual patient that exactly displays both the hard and soft tissue structures. Salivary diagnostics has been researched for years to determine whether it is used to detect the status and susceptibility to both oral and systemic conditions.

Oral microbiology is the study of microorganisms that interacts with the oral cavity. The different types of oral bacteria are fusospirochetes, veillonella, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and lactobacillus. Oral pathology is a core subject that deals with the scientific study of the causes and effects of oral diseases which is essential for the development of rational treatment and preventive programmes. The modern technique serves as a basic foundation to attain sound knowledge in oral microbial community. There is a great need to develop vaccines against oral pathogens which helps in reducing risk of transmitting the infections.

Gerodontology is the study of the dentition and dental problems in older patients which involves the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental injuries, diseases or defects. The physiologic, pathologic and psychological changes in geriatric patients effect the dental treatment. Periodontology deals with the study of supporting structures of teeth and related diseases. The periodontium includes the gingiva, alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. The discovery of the bacteria which plays an important role in the periodontal diseases and the pathogenesis of periodontitis is a complex and multifactorial topic.

Odontology is a branch of dentistry which involves the study of structure and development of teeth. It usually deals with abnormalities of teeth. In the advanced society, the forensic odontology has been gaining a great attention. Forensic odontology is described as the application of dental science to the administration of law for proper handling and examination of dental evidence. This field of science can be used in the age assessment of both living and deceased persons and civil cases involving malpractice and fraud allegations; examination and assessment of bite mark injuries, orofacial injuries following assault or trauma and child abuse injuries.

It is a branch of dentistry that deals with design, manufacture and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of mouth. Maxillofacial prosthodontics treat patients with congenital defects of head and neck region caused due to cancer, surgery or birth defects. Prosthodontics plays an important role in designing and detailing each step of a dental restoration and also performs screening tests for oral cancer and TMD (temporomandibular joint disorder).

Orthodontics is a field of dentistry that deals with the identification, prevention and correction of malposition teeth and jaws. Risk of malocclusion assessment is a tool used to evaluate malocclusion problems in growing children. The lasers have become an indispensable clinical tool in orthodontic field. The advanced computer technologies have changed the face of orthodontic practice by performing prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed and display the results instantly.

Endodontic is a branch of dentistry that deals with study of aetiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries of dental pulp. The applications of Endodontics have immensely improved the quality of dental treatment. Endodontic treatment mostly involves the removal of pathological pulp, disinfect the contaminated root canals and then obturate to prevent re-infection. It plays a crucial role in preventing adverse signs and symptoms and it promotes the healing and repair of the surrounding periradicular tissues. Hypnodontics help patient to eliminate dental anxiety and panic. It plays a crucial role in pain control and improvement of oral hygiene habits.

Dental instruments are the utensils used to examine, manipulate, treat, restore and remove teeth and surrounding oral structures. Some of the tools are dental hand pieces, lasers, mirror, saliva ejector and probes. For good surgical outcome, the dentist must be aware of the purpose and applications of the dental tools. The common dental marketing challenges include increasing competition, oversupply of dentists and more marketing-savvy patients. Long-term communication with patients has shown significant increase in revenue.

The aim of dentistry is to develop oral, dental and craniofacial health through research, research training and the dissemination of the health information. The dental research mainly deals with the health promotion, risk assessment, disease prevention and predictable clinical outcomes. In this advanced dental technology, the use of robotics has gained a great attention. Robotic surgeries were introduced in the dental field to increase precision, quality and safety of various procedures.

The role of dental nurses is to support the dentist in every aspect of patient care. The dental nurses help the dentist in getting the appropriate instruments ready, mixing materials for dental procedures and ensuring patient comfort. Additionally they also help in paper work, payment procedures and making appointment. Some of the dental licentiate takes an active role in the dental prophylaxis, cavity preparation and fillings of the primary/permanent teeth, extraction under local anaesthesia and drainage of abscess.